Cover:
Arcadia Biosciences, Inc.
Science for Agriculture and the Environment

Inside:
The Arcadia Mission
To develop and commercialize biotechnologies that make agriculture more economically and environmentally sustainable.

Biotechnology Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture and a Healthier Environment
Arcadia Biosciences identifies and develops biotechnologies that create valuable economic opportunities while responsibly addressing the negative effects of agriculture on the environment. Our core technologies solve crucial problems of plant stress, efficient nutrient use, crop protection, and harvest quality.

The focus of our business is the advancement of biotechnologies from concept to commercial solution — developing agricultural products that offer higher profitability and lower production costs compared to traditional agricultural production methods.

Our innovative solutions alleviate serious problems facing modern agriculture, making farming more productive and profitable, while minimizing agriculture's impact on the environment.

Problem: Farmlands Destroyed by Salinity
Of the 230 million hectares of irrigated land that produce 40 percent of the world's food supply, some 45 million hectares have already been spoiled by salinity, reducing yields or rendering useless large areas of previously arable land. In addition, 32 million hectares of the world's 1,500 million hectares of dry-land agriculture also suffer from damage caused by salinity.

Overall, 77 million hectares of once productive agricultural land have been negatively affected by salinity — equivalent to the amount of land required to grow 55 percent of the world's corn crop or all of the world's soybeans. In economic terms, the loss from salinity exceeds $20 billion a year.

Every year, 3 million more hectares of agricultural land are rendered useless by salinity, and the rate of loss increases every day. Annually, new areas affected by salinity are equal to the size of the entire country of Belgium, or a land area larger than the states of Massachusetts, Maryland, and Delaware combined.

Other negative environmental effects of salinity include soil erosion, sparse vegetation, impaired aquatic life, and undesirable changes in plant cover.

Arcadia Biosciences Solution
Arcadia has developed transgenic salt-tolerant plants, including canola, tomatoes, and alfalfa, that are able to grow and produce normal yields and product quality in salty soil. Our salt-tolerant plant technology is applicable to the world's major agricultural crops, including corn, rice, and wheat. In addition, bioremediation plants developed by Arcadia will absorb excess salt from the earth, enabling the restoration of soil affected by salinity and, over time, the reversal of this environmental damage.

The result: Areas of land that once lay useless because of salinity will be brought back into production, while other, marginally productive land will become more useful. Farmers will have more options, and the need to expand agricultural activities into new land areas will be reduced.

Problem: Nitrogen Fertilizer Pollution
"Over the past half century, the amount of biologically active nitrogen circulating through the world's living things has probably doubled. In unnatural excess, an essential nutrient is becoming a kind of ecological poison."
— The Worldwatch Institute

Nitrogen fertilizer is the key plant nutrient that drives agricultural production virtually everywhere in the world. Yet, even though about $30 billion worth of nitrogen fertilizer is used on fields annually, most plants capture and use less than 50 percent of what is applied. Unfortunately, much of the remainder of the approximately 40 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer used every year leaks into rivers, lakes, aquifers, and oceans — polluting the water and damaging the environment, while wasting agricultural investment and doing nothing to promote plant growth.

Arcadia Biosciences Solution
Arcadia has developed, and is now perfecting, transgenic plants that produce high yields using 50 percent less nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover, this highly efficient nitrogen use technology is applicable to virtually all major crops.

The result: Farmers could cut the cost of crop fertilization in half without reducing crop yields, while significantly reducing nitrogen pollution. In addition, potential savings on fertilizer could ultimately reach $12 billion per year, and damage to waterways and ecosystems could be dramatically reduced.

Problem: Castor Seed Toxins
Castor oil, a unique ingredient used to produce nylon, paints, lubricants, plastics, and cosmetics, comes from the castor seed. The production of castor oil, however, leaves behind a protein meal by-product containing ricin, a highly toxic substance for which no known antidote or antitoxin exists.

Ingestion of as little as one-fifteenth to two-thirds of a milligram of ricin can kill a 150-pound person. Not surprisingly, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation has identified ricin as having significant bio-terrorism potential.

India, China, and Brazil produce nearly all of the world's castor oil, fulfilling worldwide demand of 1 billion pounds a year, worth $500 million. The U.S. consumes more than 10 percent of the world's castor oil, but produces very little due to safety concerns that make castor seed cultivation economically unfeasible.

Arcadia Biosciences Solution
In partnership with Anawah, Inc. of Seattle, Washington, Arcadia is developing ricin-free castor varieties with the potential to create new economic opportunities for both farmers and processors.

The result: International producers will no longer face the current processing risks associated with ricin. In addition, new castor varieties will allow economically feasible castor oil production in the U.S. and other countries by eliminating the problem of toxicity. And, the now non-toxic protein meal by-product can be used as a protein source in animal feed — transforming an unwanted and dangerous by-product into another revenue source.

For More Information
To learn more about Arcadia Biosciences' unique biotechnology solutions for agriculture and the environment, please call us at (602) 474-3770, or visit our website: www.arcadiabio.com.

Sidebar:
The Arcadia BioSciences Business Model
Arcadia Biosciences is a market-driven company focused on developing and commercializing economically and environmentally sustainable agricultural products. Our biotechnologies create value for farmers, consumers, and investors, using a business model based on sustainable agriculture, a cleaner environment, and high profit potential.

Our business model includes strategic collaborations with companies in seed, agrochemical, and food and feed industries, as well as internal development and commercialization of products in core crops.

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